25 Words and Their Prepositional Pals

25 Words and Their Prepositional Pals 25 Words and Their Prepositional Pals 25 Words and Their Prepositional Pals By Mark Nichol You likely know a relational word a word that shows a connection between two words or expressions by exhibiting spot, time, or another quality when you see it, however that’s punctuation. Shouldn't something be said about use? Which relational words go with a given action word or descriptor, and when? A few decisions are easy decisions, however others can introduce a test. Here’s a manual for different words that expect journalists to look over more than one relational word contingent upon significance and sentence development: 1. Withstand â€Å"with us for a while,† â€Å"by the rules† (or â€Å"I can’t stand him†). 2. Answer â€Å"to him for what you’ve done,† â€Å"for what you’ve done.† 3. Alert â€Å"about perilous conditions,† â€Å"against the rash proposal.† 4. Think about â€Å"with different items that make the equivalent claims,† â€Å"apples to oranges.† 5. Trust â€Å"in her about my problems,† â€Å"to him what I truly think.† 6. Familiar â€Å"about atmosphere change,† â€Å"in a few languages,† â€Å"with parts of technology.† 7. Contrast â€Å"from different species in their diet,† â€Å"with them about the reason for the company’s failure,† or â€Å"about open policy,† â€Å"on open policy,† or â€Å"over open policy.† 8. Diverse â€Å"from what he was utilized to,† â€Å"than he was utilized to.† From is the favored utilization, however than substitutes for â€Å"from what.† (â€Å"Different to† is a Britishism.) 9. Dispute â€Å"against the status quo,† â€Å"from the lion's share opinion.† (To or with are not viewed as standard utilization.) 10. Disparate â€Å"to her past sculpture.† (From is viewed as off base.) 11. Fascinated â€Å"of each lady he meets.† (With is viewed as erroneous.) 12. Proportionate â€Å"in amounts,† â€Å"to the prior result.† (With isn't viewed as standard use.) 13. Selection â€Å"from their book was republished without their permission.† (Of is viewed as erroneous.) 14. Prohibit â€Å"him from attending,† â€Å"him to attend.† (To is viewed as the more right of the two decisions.) 15. Indistinguishable â€Å"to the one she saw yesterday,† â€Å"with the one she saw yesterday.† (Language perfectionists consider with increasingly right, yet utilization of to is altogether progressively normal.) 16. Free â€Å"of the gathering, he fought the plan.† (From, as in â€Å"Independent from her family,† is viewed as erroneous.) 17. Imparted â€Å"instilled a couple of drops of the arrangement into the wound,† â€Å"in him a drive to succeed.† (With, as in â€Å"Instilled with a drive to succeed,† is viewed as off base.) 18. Negligent â€Å"of the admonition signs,† â€Å"to the noise†; the decisions are frequently compatible. (About is frequently utilized in relationship with absent, however it’s not thought about standard utilization.) 19. Vexed â€Å"about her behavior,† â€Å"at her behavior.† The right relational word to use with the accompanying words relies upon whether the article is someone or something: 20. Remark â€Å"about her† or â€Å"to you about what happened,† however â€Å"on the issue.† 21. Eager â€Å"with him,† yet â€Å"about the delay,† â€Å"at the delay,† or â€Å"with the delay.† 22. Asked â€Å"of him where he was going† and â€Å"after her whereabouts,† however â€Å"into their progress† or â€Å"about the empty apartment.† 23. Authority â€Å"over all other competitors,† yet â€Å"of the skill.† 24. Accommodate â€Å"with her boyfriend,† however â€Å"to the loss of her boyfriend.† 25. Succeed â€Å"as a businessperson,† however â€Å"to the position.† Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions class, check our famous posts, or pick a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?36 Poetry TermsThe 7 Types of Possessive Case

Intro to fiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction to fiction - Essay Example The primary character in the story sees Mangan’s sister when they were playing with different young men. The young men used to appreciate the way Mangan’s sister strolled and the manners in which she had made her hair. This longing in the kid is brought out when he depicts the ways the hair of Mangan’s sister moved as she strolled. â€Å"soft rope of hair hurled from side to side,†(Joyce 14). This story shows the manner by which young men get mental disarray as they notice the magnificence in ladies. The principle character in the story is still too youthful to even consider understanding issues of adoration. He doesn't have the foggiest idea how to satisfy a wonderful young lady. He chooses to go to the market to purchase a decent present for the young lady planning to win her adoration. Notwithstanding, he begins to feel some feeling of disarray as he understands the disarray of adoration. He neglects to win over the young lady and endures profoundly in light of dismissal. The conduct of the young men in the story by James Joyce is practically like the conduct of the three men in the story called â€Å"A Woman on a Roof.† In this second story the three men see a lady sunbathing on the top of her home. The lady is dressed inadequately and the men can see the vast majority of her exposure. The men are up to speed by want and need to grab the eye of the ladies. Every one of them attempt in various manners to draw in the lady however she will not hear them out. Be that as it may, she stays on the rooftop as she appreciates the sun. The men are Tom, Stanley, and Harry. Tom is the most youthful of them while Harry is the most seasoned. Tom is a lot of keen on cherishing the lady. He doesn't have a great deal of involvement with issues of adoration and feels that he is the one in particular who can cherish the lady in the best possible manner. He doesn't need different men to win over the lady. Be that as it may, the lady dismisses every one of them. Stanley is extremely furious with the lady since he believes that ladies must love men. As indicated by Stanley, the activities of the lady are equivalent to â€Å"a wrongdoing escaped with,† (Lessing 858). This implies

How to Build Your Writing and Publishing Portfolio Locally

How to Build Your Writing and Publishing Portfolio Locally As a writer, building your portfolio is essentially the same as building a brand for your business. Except in this case, your business is yourself, and your portfolio shows prospective clients how and what you write.If you think like a business ownerâ€"and lets face it, we all can use a little business acumen in our creatively-focused endeavorsâ€"youll have less of a struggle turning writing into a full-time profession, rather than a side hustle. Especially if you have your sights set on being a freelance journalist, copywriter, or content marketer, your professional portfolio will open doors into more industries than you realize. The more styles of writing you try, the more opportunities youll create for yourself to use your talent well beyond a savvy for plot twists and character arcs.A professional portfolio can open more doors for you as a freelance writer. Photo by Mikayla Mallek on Unsplash.Why build a portfolio in the first place?Your writers ego might first object with a Wait , cant I just send a magazine a sample of my writing and be done with it? The answer to that isâ€"sure, you can try that and see how far it gets you. However, in todays publishing climate, the need for writers is a lot broader than magazines or local newspapers, so youll be limiting your options for writing if you limit yourself to these.In fact, industries across the board are beginning to recognize that their audiences and target customers are online, theyre mobile, and they want to read useful, enjoyable, shareable content. And thats where it gets a little tricky.Employees in-house can be given the responsibility of updating social media or posting pictures of the company picnic on the blog, but turning those efforts into something that builds a brand and engages and audienceâ€"well, thats a different story altogether.A local blogCreating a local blog and drawing an audience to it is without a doubt one of the easiest ways to build your portfolio and reputation as a writer. Somet imes, this can be as simple as finding a hobby you love (writing, perhaps?) and offering weekly tips or best practices youve learned along the way. At other times, it can be more specifically focused on your city or regionâ€"maybe its unique history or originâ€"and maintained as a way to show your writing style and scope.Not sure what to write about? Try some of these ideas:A particular spots haunted historyTop-10 best local places to take a date for freeThe reason I call [city name] homeBest local places to enjoy the fall colorsTop-10 places to take kids in the areaBest scenic overlooks within an hour driveGreat local vintage or antique findsCity or county focusedMost incorporated cities of any considerable size will have a city publication, and these are often tied in with the Chamber of Commerce. Since it is the Chamber of Commerces purpose to work toward the betterment of an areas business community, they often present networking and publishing opportunities for local writers ac ross a variety of topics. Youll likely be writing about a local business and its history, or it could be an article covering an event that was hosted by the Chamber of Commerce or a local organization. Other potential topics include city plans for growth, library programs, youth sports programs, or anything offered by the city to its residents such as animal services or family-friendly events. You also might write about hometown heroes or people who have grown up in the area and have gone on to do newsworthy things.Alternative news sourcesLarger metropolitan areas will often have one or several alternative news sources providing opportunities for publishing. In these types of publications, some potential article topics include interviews with local politicians, entrepreneurs, or business owners about their vision for the city and its future. You could also write about upcoming events or cover events as they occur, since local news sources want to be able to provide their readers wit h good coverage of whats happening in the area. One thing to keep in mind is that these types of alternative news sources will likely be leaning in one political direction or another, so understanding that on the front-end before submitting article suggestions is always wise. If you submit an article that leans to the wrong side of the publications preferred slant and they arent interested in publishing it, chalk it up to a lesson learned about the hard truths of a struggling industry. Local lifestyle magazines Local lifestyle magazines are magazines that feature everything from local homes and organizations to features on innovative artists, builders, and entrepreneurs from the area. Some potential article topics could be local artists supporting a nonprofit, or events that occur that raise money for charities or other needs within the community. You could also write about:School groups who have raised money for a causeAdvice from local healthcare providers on staying wellThe histo ry of a local home or the family who lives in itPhilanthropic organizations who make a difference in the areaArtists, musicians or performances that are locally scheduledTips to keep in mind when writing for local publicationsWriting for a local publication is no different than writing for a larger publication in that you should write in a way that will appeal to your audience. Your audience in this case is your own community, so if youre involved in whats going on around you, this should be easy.Also remember that youll need to be able to maintain an open line of communication with the managing editor of the publication, the photographer(s) assigned to the piece, and anyone else in-office working with you to get the piece from its planning stages, to draft, to final publication run.Also, as with larger publications, your attention to deadlines will be important in maintaining professional relationships with these publications. Often, several publications within an area are owned by one publisher, so building a reputation (or losing one) is easily accomplished if you stay on task, turn in the assignment on time and error-free, and be willing to adapt to changes the editor might want to make.FormatDepending on the publications editor, you may or may not be given an editorial style sheet with information about how articles should be formatted when submitted. If youre not given anything, you can use the following format (which is standard across publications):HED: [This is the headline of your article]DEK: [This is the sub-headline of your articleBY: [Your name]WC: [Word count of the article]Organize your portfolioThere really is no better portfolio than an author website created with links to your previously published work. You can create a simple, easy-to-navigate website that will look great across mobile devices with a site that offers templates. With hosting plans and easy website building tools, sites like SquareSpace provide authors with a personal author website and the perfect online portfolio that can be set up within a few hours. You can also use this site to provide contact information, headshots, extended bylines, or anything else a publication might need to run the article.Sites like SquareSpace offer multiple templates authors can use for an online portfolio.If youd rather not pay for your personal web address and author site, this article from Writers Digest provides a step-by-step guide to getting set up for free on WordPress. There will be limitations to the features provided with the free account (such as, youll have to use a web address provided by them instead of your own), but at least youll have an online space to direct others who wish to view your published work.Show different types of coverageIf youve covered an event such as a ballgame or fundraiser kickoff, be sure to include a PDF (and/or link) of the printed article. If youve written a spotlight feature on a hometown hero or an interview piece on an up-and-comi ng entrepreneur, include those as well. Showing the ability to adapt your writing skills based on the type of assignment given goes a long way in helping you get more future writing projects.Keep references handyKeep references on-hand for editors and other creatives youve worked with and for across various creative and publishing projects. This is especially helpful in an area where creatives know each other and work together often. As I mentioned earlier concerning publishers running multiple media outlets, having a good name and reputation as a dependable, captivating writer goes a long way in helping solidify your success as a local creative.

Book Report On The Book Club And Don t Waste Utah

Introduction As a kid, I grew up down the street from a guy we called Max. Max was pretty normal; he had a wife, a few kids, and occasionally sang â€Å"Proud to be an American† at Boy Scout functions. Max was also in commercials. He was the guy in the â€Å"Don’t Waste Utah† campaign. Max drove a cool car, had a cool dog, and he hated littering. Garbage is for a garbage can; putting it anywhere else is bad for the planet. Don’t. Waste. Utah. Seeing as how I believe in proper environmental stewardship, I read Gone Tomorrow for this month’s book club. It is a thought provoking book about a subject that many people choose not to lose sleep over: garbage. We all make it, and we all throw it out. Garbage is something that gives meaning to the phrase â€Å"out of sight, out of mind.† As soon as the garbage man comes at his regularly scheduled time, our trash is whisked away to be properly disposed of. As long as we put garbage in the trash can and not on the side of the street, we’re doing the right thing (and consequently not wasting Utah). Incidentally, there are those of us who sometimes wonder if there is something inherently wrong with our quick and â€Å"proper† disposal of discards. I, myself, have felt the occasional pang of guilt when I drop something in the trash can. I recycle; isn’t that enough? Gone Tomorrow explores this question, and it sheds a dirty light on the reality of our disappearing garbage trick. Sanitation and Disease In the beginning trash was moreShow MoreRelatedVideo Notes29279 Words   |  118 Pagessent to customers for 6 or 7 weeks after actual shipments. This had massive cash-flow and financial reporting implications. The system was crashing every-other-day. Customers were also calling and asking for a bill because they could not get their books right, they needed to process the invoice in order to update their records. 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Charles Dickens Hard Times For These Times - 1074 Words

Fancy is a noun. It means â€Å"the power of the mind to imagine things.† Do not think about it; do not think about thinking about it. Just memorize it. Can you? There is only one right path that society has pinned you on. Like a toy car on a wooden train track, you are expected to complete the course without straying from it. If you do, you are considered broken. Yet, what exactly is the point of mindlessly walking the same path as everyone else, only to constantly find yourself memorizing empty facts over and over again? In Hard Times for these Times, Charles Dickens embodies the consequences of an absolutely factual world: blindness, imbalance, and nonfulfillment. Through the convoluted stories of the opposite worlds, Sissy’s journey to becoming a jewel of balance, Louisa’s tragic fight for fulfillment, and the harmonious character Sleary, Dickens defines the urgency for the proportional combination of fact and fancy. Gradgrind’s education system is structured to plucking imagination and emotions out of the lives of children, resulting in dangerous, machine-like human beings. He closed-mindedly abides to rules and facts; dreams and abstractness is a crime. For example, Bounderby, Gradgrind’s subordinate, insists that his workers expect â€Å"to be fed on turtle soup and vension, with a golden spoon† (72), while on the other hand, the workers believe that they are unfairly treated like dumb objects. Both Bounderby and the workers think their opinion is the fact, but it shrivelsShow MoreRelatedCharles Dickens Hard Times1494 Words   |  6 Pages May 1, 2015 Mr. Johnson Literature Dickens Calls for Desperate Measures in Hard Times â€Å"I want to change the world.† How many times is that line heard from small children, aspiring to be someone who achieves their maximum potential? If a child is asked how they might go about doing so they might respond with an answer that involves a superhero or princess who helps people for the greater good. As one grows and adapts to their surrounding society, the art of seeing the big picture includingRead MoreCharles Dickens Hard Times Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesClass systems sadly are an institutional part of society since biblical times and are still prominent in all cultures today. In British society, class systems are still as prevalent as they were in the 19th century, there are seven social classes, ranging from the elite at the top to the extreme poor at the bottom. Typically, in English society social class was always defined by occupation, wealth, and education with an addition of social and cultural classes. Social classes is a prevalent aspectRead MoreCharles Dickens Hard Times Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagesbecame a common occurrence as society developed and moved forward towards the twentieth century. This holds true in the novel Hard Times, written by Charles Dickens in the Nineteenth century, examines the British class system through examples of social relationships and the labor force. (4) Class systems throughout British society are visible in each book of Hard Times. In book one: Sowing, the first distinctions of class discrepancy are evident in the relationship between the schoolmasters andRead MoreCharles Dickens Hard Times971 Words   |  4 PagesIn Hard Times, Dickens presents life philosophies of three men that directly contradict each other. James Harthouse sees one’s actions in life as meaningless since life is so short. Mr. Gradgrind emphasizes the importance of fact and discourages fantasy since life is exactly as it was designed to be. Mr. Slearly exhibits that â€Å"all work and no play† will make very dull people out of all of us. He also proclaims that one should never look back on one’s life and regret past actions. 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This man, known as Thomas Gradgrind, is responsible for the extermination of anything fanciful and integration of everything pertinent and factual into the young, pliableRead MoreIndustrialization in Hard Times by Charles Dick ens1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe industrial revolution was an era of mechanization. During this era, in 1854, Charles Dickens (1812-1870) wrote Hard Times to comment upon the change within society and its effect on its people. Dickens points out the flaws and limitations of this new society in his eloquent and passionate plea on behalf of the working poor (Charles Dickens Hard Times, 2000). The novel shows presents to readers the authors perspective of life during the nineteenth century and makes comments on the central themeRead More Charles Dickens Hard Times Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesCharles Dickens Hard Times There are a huge variety of characters in Hard Times, ranging from the good to the unnaturally cruel. The novel is full of extremity in its characterisation; cruel, bitter and selfish characters such as Mrs. Sparsit contrast dramatically with characters such as Stephen Blackpool and Rachael, who are benevolent and altruistic. Among the cruellest and most villainous characters in the novel is James Harthouse, who is completely ammoral, and therefore renderedRead MoreAnalysis: Hard Times by Charles Dickens1807 Words   |  7 PagesHard Times as a Social Commentary with Parallels in the Modern Era The novel Hard Times by Charles Dickens is clearly an incitement of the economic and social burden associated with economic and social disparity. The work is set in a small fictional mill town, Coketown, where the challenges of the newly emerging industrial revolution were fundamentally being set at the footsteps of the poor, who had little if any opportunity for upward mobility. During this period the alternatives for those withRead MoreEssay on Charles Dickens Hard Times2066 Words   |  9 PagesCharles Dickens Hard Times The book Hard Times was written in 1854. It was written in weekly instalments in a magazine called Household Words. This is like a normal soap but was weekly. The magazine was owned by Charles Dickens as he was a journalist. The book was written at the time of the Industrial Revolution. This was when factories were being built near major towns and cities such as Manchester, Liverpool and Birmingham. The Industrial Revolution was a time when there were big

Perceptions Of Attitudes Towards Statistics - 1741 Words

2 Background In this section, we discuss the current literature available pertaining to attitudes towards statistics along with the theoretical perspective on certain aspects of attitudes, statistical reasoning, and the statistics education reform movement in order to determine what role attitudes toward statistics may have on secondary level mathematics teachers who teach statistics. Firstly, we provide a literature review on teacher’s attitudes toward statistics followed by a discussion on the two aspects of attitudes towards statistics. Afterward, the reform movement in statistics education is discussed alongside with the recommendations given by GAISE for the reform movement. With developing statistical reasoning being a major goal of statistics learning we discuss it before we finally discuss the construction of the framework of attitude for our instrument. 2.1 Literature about Attitudes toward statistics In the current literature available, we found that Martins, Estrada, and Nascimento analyzed subjective data which revealed negative attitudes towards statistics in various aspects of elementary Portuguese teachers (2012). The two aspects are the pedagogical and the anthropological aspect which each aspect has three components. These aspects helped reveal the negative attitude towards the usefulness of statistics to understand the world as well as the use of statistics outside and inside the classroom. The fact that attitudes can be positive or negativeShow MoreRelatedMinority Attitudes Towards the Police and Public Perceptions Essay1179 Words   |  5 PagesQuantitative Literature Review: Minority attitudes towards the police and public perceptions Introduction-Background-Problem Individuals who seem to be more unhappy with police are African Americans. But there is little to no factors that truly engage citizens view of the police Brown and Benedict (2002). The specific parts on attitudes are reliable, but the literature seems to lead to mixed signals based on other variables Weitzer and Tuch (2002). Perceptions of the police includes factors like personalRead MorePublic Perceptions Of Climate Change And Energy Futures1477 Words   |  6 PagesThe Public Perceptions of Climate Change and Energy Futures in Britain survey (herein Perceptions 2010), was a national quantitative sample survey undertaken by Ipsos MORI on behalf of Cardiff University throughout England, Scotland and Wales. It had a survey sample of 1,822 and was conducted through face to face interviews at interviewees’ homes between January and March 2010. The survey consisted of fifty-two questions which examined a range of energy related topics including energy generationRead MoreRease arch Article Analysis1251 Words   |  6 Pages Research Article Analysis The purpose of this essay is to analyze a research peer-reviewed article in criminal justice. In this case, I chose to analyze the research conducted by Hurst, McDermott, and Thomas (2005) titled, â€Å"The attitudes of girls toward the police: differences by race.† Some of the things I will look to analyze are: to identifying the purpose of the article, the problem, the design of the study, the operational design of the study, look to identify if any inductive andRead MoreArticle Review: Consumer Behavior in Shopping Center Choice1133 Words   |  5 Pagesthose of other multivariate statistics techniques including multiple regression, path analysis and factor analysis. Other statistics techniques could not take into consideration the interaction effects among dependent and independent variables. Therefore, a method that can examine a series of dependence relationships simultaneously is helpful in addressing complicated managerial and behavioral issues. SEM also can expand the Veysel Yilmaz, Associate Professor, Statistics Department, Science and LiteratureRead MoreTable 3 : Item Total Statistics1275 Words   |  6 Pages Table 3: Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation Squared Multiple Correlation Cronbach s Alpha if Item Deleted CC1 57.2069 11.073 .407 .396 .165 CC2 57.0345 11.080 .341 .279 .180 CC3 56.8966 11.791 .308 .207 .211 CC4 56.9540 13.370 .039 .252 .298 CC5 56.7816 12.545 .167 .325 .260 CC6 56.9770 12.418 .208 .311 .248 CC7 56.7471 13.935 -.104 .304 .349 CC8 57.6207 14.796 -.244 .336 .378 CC9 57.8046 13.764 -.071 .157 .337Read MoreAnalysis of the Increase in Charitable Giving Despite Tough Economy682 Words   |  3 PagesDespite 2008 seeing the largest annual drop ((5.6% decrease from 2007 in inflation-adjusted dollars)) since these statistics have been tracked, over $300 billion was donated to charitable organizations—three-quarters of which came from individual donors. (FOUDNATION CENTER CITATION) It is no wonder then that such a large amount of academic study has been invested in the subject. A myriad of studies have sought to investigate the motivations behind the phenomenon of charitable giving. Everything fromRead MoreThe Theory Of Relative Deprivation1745 Words   |  7 Pagesby: (1) external forces, such as the media; and (2) by internal sentiments. Both of these factors are missing from Gurr’s theory. Theoretically, relative deprivation can find itself affecting people economically as well as socially. Judging from statistics, it is very hard to assume that Tea Party supporters found themselves â€Å"relatively deprived† in any way. To see whether Tea Partiers were deprived socially, I looked into the demographics of the movement. Figure 1 shows that according to the CBS/NewRead MoreThe Australian Criminal Justice System Is Shaped Largely by Our Society. Discuss This Statement.1269 Words   |  6 Pagesexplaining how the criminal justice system works in Australia, how the justice system reflects community values and how it relates to today’s society, the budget and staffing levels of agencies of the criminal justice system, how the media influences perceptions of crime therefore affecting the actions of the criminal justice system and finally the public’s opinion of the criminal justice system in Australia. Society is defined as ‘the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community’Read MoreAttitude Differences Of Seeking For Professional Psychological Help Between Chinese And American College Students Essay931 Words   |  4 Pages Attitude Differences of Seeking for Professional Psychological Help Between Chinese and American College Students Tianjiao Ma Pennsylvania State University In China, there has been a stereotype towards attitudes of seeking psychological help between Americans and Chinese. Chinese people consider themselves tend to avoid psychological help. Whereas, they think Americans are highly open to seek mental health support. However, America’s mental health care may be not as perfect as ChineseRead MoreHsc Essay Mod C Julius Caesar1419 Words   |  6 PagesComposers of texts present a biased attitude to the events, personalities or situations represented. In various texts such as Shakespeare’s â€Å"Julius Caesar† and Leunig’s cartoon â€Å"Yet another picture with the wrong caption†, the composers bias is evident even though conflicting perspectives towards the personality are presented. Although conflicting perspectives are present in Shakespeare’s â€Å"Julius Caesar†, the composers bias is still evident. Shakespeare’s â€Å"Julius Caesar† is a play which reflected

Financial Market Institutes-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Provide 2 Australian examples of Financial Products that were issued in the last 5 years that failed where there was discussion (following the product failure) that investors were misled in relation to the credit ratings provided for the issued products. 2.Comment on the changes made by Credit ratings agencies in their ratings processes since the GFC. 3.In your opinion, have these changes gone far enough in preventing the likelihood of future product failures based on misleading credit ratings. Briefly justify your opinion. Answers: 1.Residential Mortgage Back Securities and collateralized debt obligations are examples of products that were considered as the failure since the investors were misled in regard to the credit ratings offered for the issued products. As a result of this there was a reduced needs of funding on the part of the issuers (Fong et al., 2014). The failure of Residential Mortgage Back Securities and collateralized debt obligations resulted the investors in losing some proportion of their savings related to superannuation that accounted to a loss of $25 million to $30 million. 2.Following the Global Financial Crisis, the credit rating agencies have adopted certain changes to address the failures. The credit rating agencies have public performance benchmarks scale for credit rating structured which would ultimately narrow the sophistication gap among the arrangers and investors that empowers the investors to perform their own value analysis and gauge into the false ratings. Increased amount of investors vigilance is helpful in promoting more competitive pricing strategies for higher quality debt and determine the tenacious incentives operating in the present work market. Credit rating agencies on their part will be more likely to volunteer their work so that it can accommodate greater public security. 3.Accordingly, these changes are yet to go far enough in preventing the probability of the future product failure based on the misleading credit agencies. Arguably, litigation risk is considered as the way of imposing standards on the credit rating agencies to prevent the recurrence offences. Global developments in this area seems to emphasis on the approach of discouraging the over-dependence on the ratings by the investors at the time of making investments decision. Reference list: Fong, K. Y., Hong, H. G., Kacperczyk, M. T., Kubik, J. D. (2014). Do security analysts discipline credit rating agencies?. Xia, H. (2014). Can investor-paid credit rating agencies improve the information quality of issuer-paid rating agencies?.Journal of Financial Economics,111(2), 450-468.

America and Democracy, at home and abroad, during and just after the First World War

The Balfour Declaration Influence on Formation of Israel

The Balfour Declaration Influence on Formation of Israel Few documents in Middle Eastern history have had as consequential and controversial an influence as the Balfour Declaration of 1917, which has been at the center of the Arab-Israeli conflict over the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The Balfour Declaration   The Balfour Declaration was a 67-word statement contained within a brief letter attributed to Lord Arthur Balfour, the British foreign secretary, dated November 2, 1917.  Balfour addressed the letter to Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, a British banker, zoologist and Zionist activist who, along with Zionists Chaim Weizmann and Nahum Sokolow, helped draft the declaration much as lobbyists today draft bills for legislators to submit. The declaration was in line with European Zionist leaders hopes and designs for a homeland in Palestine, which they believed would bring about intense immigration of Jews around the world to Palestine. The statement read as follows: His Majestys Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country. It was 31 years after this letter, whether willed by the British government or not, that the state of Israel was founded in 1948. Liberal Britain’s Sympathy for Zionism Balfour was part of the liberal government of Prime Minister David Lloyd George. British liberal public opinion believed that Jews had suffered historical injustices, that the West was to blame and the West had a responsibility to enable a Jewish homeland. The push for a Jewish homeland was aided, in Britain and elsewhere, by fundamentalist Christians who encouraged the emigration of Jews as one way to accomplish two goals: depopulate Europe of Jews and fulfill Biblical prophecy. Fundamentalist Christians believe that the return of Christ must be preceded by a Jewish kingdom in the Holy Land). The Declaration’s Controversies The declaration was controversial from the start, and chiefly due to its own imprecise and contradictory wording. The imprecision and contradictions were deliberate- an indication that Lloyd George did not want to be on the hook for the fate of Arabs and Jews in Palestine. The Declaration did not refer to Palestine as the site of the Jewish homeland, but that of a Jewish homeland. That left Britains commitment to an independent Jewish nation very much open to question. That opening was exploited by subsequent interpreters of the declaration, who claimed that it was never intended as an endorsement of a uniquely Jewish state. Rather, that Jews would establish a homeland in Palestine alongside Palestinians and other Arabs established there for almost two millennia. The second part of the declaration- that â€Å"nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of the existing non-Jewish communities†- could be and has been read by Arabs as an endorsement of Arab autonomy and rights, an endorsement as valid as that proffered on behalf of Jews. Britain would, in fact, exercise its League of Nations mandate over Palestine to protect Arab rights, at times at the expense of Jewish rights. Britain’s role has never ceased to be fundamentally contradictory. Demographics in Palestine Before and After Balfour At the time of the declaration in 1917, Palestinians- which were the â€Å"non-Jewish communities in Palestine†- constituted 90 percent of the population there. Jews numbered about 50,000. By 1947, on the eve of Israel’s declaration of independence, Jews numbered 600,000. By then Jews were developing extensive quasi-governmental institutions while provoking increasing resistance from Palestinians. Palestinians staged small uprisings in 1920, 1921, 1929 and 1933, and a major uprising, called the Palestine Arab Revolt, from 1936 to 1939. They were all quashed by a combination of British and, beginning in the 1930s, Jewish forces.

BASICS OF COMPUTER AND PROGRAMS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

BASICS OF COMPUTER AND PROGRAMS - Essay Example This means that, without software, a computer cannot be able to carry out any command hence useless. Different categories of software are installed in computers to enable them do tasks as given by the user. This softwares work hand in hand with each other for the computer to carry out its given tasks effectively, below are the two common softwares. Application software is a computer program that is widely known and used for commercial purposes whereby it carries out all regular and specific assignments that a user wants it to do, like calculations, data processing, word processing, communication, games, database management, spreadsheets and other related tasks. Application software is the main reason why the user buys a computer, whereby, it makes the work easier and faster than it could be done manually. The application system is widely used in business, medical and educational fields across the world as it has made the work and assignments in these fields easier. The softwares are known and seen by the end user, and through this, the user create shortcuts that enable him or her to access easily the documents in the machine (Stair, Reynolds and Reynolds, 2008). System software is the main computer software that directs the essential purposes of a computer and it is usually preinstalled within the machine; they are not seen by the user. It allows communication between the hardware and other categories of software; it includes utilities which safeguards and upholds the computer and its operating system. Utilities include software like anti- viruses, disk defragmenters and firewalls, their main purpose is to protect and maintain the computer system from breakdowns. Computer driver devices also fall under system software; in other words, system software gives support to the physical elements of a computer and synchronizes all the external devices like keyboards, printers, displays among others (Nithyashri, 2010). System softwares enables the machine to function ef fectively and accessibly; it protects the machine from any internal and external damages that may cause breakdown. It also ensures that there are servers and workstations that make the tasks easier; on the other hand, application software are tools available in the computer that enable the user‘s work cheaper. Both system and application softwares are beneficial to me as a business end user because through them, I know that my computer will function the moment I turn it on (system software) and that I will complete my calculations and balance my budget easily and faster (application software). Application software will enable me create shortcuts on my machine so that I can access the documents faster and effectively; likewise, the system software will protect my machine from breakdowns in that I will not lose any information or distort my information. Therefore, they will enable me to deliver high quality and quantity services to my clients in time. Types of software packages There are several types of software packages but the eight most popular ones are, word processor; this is a package that enables people to use a computer and to carry out their tasks. These programs enable the user to check out and correct spellings, make some characters italic, bold and underline show the difference and importance of the characters from the rest of the document, standardize the document to the required page layout, save the document for later use or

Mangerial Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mangerial Economics - Assignment Example Since sports is an inelastic product, the increase of price for the sports package from $10 to $25 did not have an effect on the quantity demanded. As noted by Gelles and Mitchell (260), although it increases the MC, the fixed costs remain the same. When we have zero fixed costs, the marginal cost is constant. When StarHub raised the price of the sports package from $7 to $15, the MC remained the same since all cable TV providers pay the content providers a royalty based on the number of subscribers of the content. The increase in content resulted in more subscribers subscribing to the service thus an increase to 504, 000 as at December 2007. Considering that sports is an inelastic product, an increase in price is unlikely to cause a substantial change in the quantity of demand. Therefore, the change that was relevant to StarHub’s pricing of cable television services was the increase of sports package from $10 to $15 since the marginal cost was low. The thematic basic packages need to be reduced from $32.95 to $ 22.95 monthly. The price of the sports package need not to be doubled but increased from $7 to $12 so to reduce the marginal costs. Furthermore, the basic packages need to be increased annually by $3. Lastly, being an inelastic product, the sports package need to be increased from $10 to $30 to cater for the initial costs and operational costs. According to Gilles and Mitchell (261), a firm does charge a price that is beyond the marginal

The Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston

The Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston The theme of finding one s own personal voice is the central aim of Kingston in her memoir The Woman Warrior. She makes various references to the physical and emotional struggle of this aim throughout the text by exploring the silence of the women in her family and Chinese culture. By adding her experience as a Chinese-American woman she discovers her voice. Kingston uses autobiography to create identity and therefore breaks out of the silence that has bound her culturally to discover a resonant voice of her own (Wong 58). Kingston supplies a voice to many voiceless women enabling them to discover their identities as individuals. In The Woman Warrior, Kingston utilises her different voices to depict the stories of her ancestors. Through these stories told to her by her mother and her aunt, she is able to express a part of her which her own experiences cannot explain as a Chinese-American female. Her memoir is an intensely autobiographical work, yet her first person presence ranges from constant to, at times, almost non-existent. Overall , throughout the five chapters of The Woman Warrior, there is a movement from the theme of silence in the first line of the first chapter You must not tell anyone to a voice in the final line and the last chapter It translated well (Hong Kingston 3, 209). For Kingston, silence equates to a lack of voice, which she associates with the loss of identity as a woman, which is her main aim of the text. However, she is also aware of the risks involved in asserting independence from her own Chinese community. This idea is explored in the first chapter of the memoir, No Name Woman , where Kingston s aunt acted against her community s standards of suitable behaviour and the villagers punished her for acting as if she could have a private life, secret and apart from them (Hong Kingston 36-37). However, Kingston fear that in staying silent and not finding her own voice, she risks becoming a substitute for her nameless aunt, who remained silent her entire life. Kingston s anxiety is increased by her mother s warning: Don t tell anyone you had an aunt (Hong Kingston 18). But in writing the No Name Woman story, Kingston reacts against the family imposed silence and tells everyone of her aunt. Her aunt s silence, by refusing to name the father of her child, protects the man and simultaneously oppresses her. Kingston gives a voice to the silence woman by writing the aunt s story and theorising how her aunt became pregnant. In doing this, she removes her aunt s guilt and solidifies her identity as a Chinese-American woman. She feels that to remain silent about her aunt would be the same as rejecting her own sense of self. The theme of silence in the text is also linked to the cross-cultural problems that Kingston comes across throughout her own life. Kingston notes that The Chinese I know hide their names; sojourners take new names when their lives change and guard their real names with silence (Hong Kingston 6). The mention of silence not only refers to the hiding of names but also to the confusion of Chinese culture to first-generation Chinese-Americans. Although the women of traditional Chinese culture do not have voices, the stories and myths that female family members pass onto their daughters may contain subversive messages. For example, in the chapter entitled White Tigers , the legend of the Chinese woman warrior Fa Mu Lan is a constant reminder to young Kingston that women can transcend socially enforced limitations. Kingston discusses how as a child, she imagined herself to be like Fa Mu Lan, who saves not only her family but her community: the villagers would make a legend about my perfect filiality (Hong Kingston 45). It is in this chapter that we see how, even as a child, Kingston dreamt of transcending a life of insignificance. Brave Orchid s story of the woman warrior proves how stories and legends of tradition Chinese culture can create alternative, subversive voices for women who otherwise would spend their life in silence due to the dominance of a patriarchal society. Kingston extends her empowerment of women, by providing them with individualised voices, to her own mother. Brave Orchid, her mother, is effectively voiceless in America as although she has lived in America for many years, she does not speak English. As with all the lives of the women in The Woman Warrior, Kingston vocalises and records her mother experiences. The memoir displays Brave Orchid s sacrifices and distinguishes her from the nameless Chinese women living in America. In the chapter At the Western Palace , Kingston s aunt Moon Orchid, reveals how costly remaining silence can be. Moon Orchid relays the tale of a woman, deserted by her husband, who has completely submitted to the patriarchal view that woman should always remain silent and never question male authority. The voicelessness of s Chinese woman living in a traditionally patriarchal society is shown when the woman reluctantly confronts her Americanised husband and is unable to voice her years of rage and grief: But all she did was open and shut her mouth without any words coming out (Hong Kingston 152). Ironically, her loss of speech is the deciding factor in her husband s decision that she has no place in his American life, stating, I have important American guests who come inside my house to eat You can t talk to them. You can barely talk to me (Hong Kinston 153). However, by Kingston writing Moon Orchid s story in her memoir, she is also providing Moon Orchid with an individual voice. In the final chapter of The Woman Warrior, A Song for a Barbarian Reed Pipe , Kingston deals with the generational and cultural conflicts as regards the voice of Chinese-American women. Through her American education, Kingston imagines that Americans hear the language of Chinese as chingchong ugly (Hong Kingston 199). In order for a young Kingston to feel even partially accepted by her American peers, she retracts her voice: We American-Chinese girls had to whisper to make ourselves American-feminine (Hong Kinston 172). However, even as a child, Kingston is aware of the consequences of being without a voice. She describes the hatred she felt for another Chinese girl who refused to speak and how she physically bullied the girl to make her talk. Her hatred for the unspeaking girl is highlighted be her similarity to the girl. The young Kingston fears becoming like this silent girl, who functions as Kingston s alter ego. In this last chapter, Kingston simultaneously questions the customs of the Chinese and the indirect way in which the Chinese speak through observing their code of silence towards Americans regarding their cultural origins and history. This lack of a voice further marginalises Kingston and other first-generation Chinese-Americans as during Kingston s discovery of her voice; she resists putting herself in a state of submission but does, however, purposely present herself poorly to her peers. In Kingstons final look at her past, she tells the story of the poet Ts ai Yen to represent the possibilities of two cultures coming together harmoniously. Kingston identifies with Ts ai Yen s strength in expression and sees them both as women warriors symbolically fighting to link the cultural gap between America and China. In conclusion, Kingstons different voices culminate to constitute the voice of her own subjectivity, to emerge from a past dominated by stories told to her into a present articulated by her own storytelling (Wong 59). The writing of The Woman Warrior, an outlet for her to explore her past, becomes Kingston s remedy for silence her way of discovering her own personal voice and a place as a Chinese-American woman in society.

(Written in Outline Format) Computers: A Necessary Evil :: Technology

COMPUTERS AS A NECESSARY EVIL DEFINITION: First of all NECESSARY EVILS means that though a particular subject or issue that affects human life might contain some disadvantages to it that does not rule out the fact that its advantages have a much stronger basis for it to be utilized. INTRODUCTION: In this modern day and age, the Computer era has seemed to revolutionize the concept of Industrialization thus affecting all humans in one way or another. Without them modern man would have had to evolve at a much slower pace since with the aid of computers certain aspects of work can be completed with precise accuracy. To maximize the benefits and minimize the harms those making decisions about the implementation of computer systems must be sensitive to the problems as the advantages. â€Å"It has a colossal qualitative defect that springs directly from its quantitative virtues. It increases probability and it decreases possibility† -Lewis Mumford EFFECTS IMPACT OF COMPUTER ON PEOPLE 1) POSITIVE IMPLICATIONS a) Job opportunities in areas of programming, computer operations and information system management. b) Greater job satisfaction, this is done by tackling of interesting problems that seemed impossible until the dawn of the computer era. c) Businesses today rely on computer technology to assist them in almost every area of corporate life. Computers have invaded grocery stores, fast food restaurants, big businesses and small offices. They process data, store information, work out complex mathematical problems, track inventory, and even control temperature and lighting in office buildings. Reliance on the high-speed digital computer is so complete that the world of commerce would break up to a sudden stop if computers were removed. d) Use by Public Organizations, through avoiding waste and improving efficiency in government agencies, school districts and hospital units can also result in better services and a reduced tax burden for citizens. e) Home use, it’s used in entertainment and hobby purposes, for educational uses, for family financial applications and for countless other tasks. 2) Potential problems a) Threat of unemployment - The greater efficiency made possible by the computer usage can result in job obsolescence and displacement for some workers who are not in any way learned in the computer usage. b) Use of questionable data processing practices -Input data about individuals are routinely captured by many organizations, are entered into computer processed files. Inaccurate and incomplete data about people have been placed in files. c) WINNERS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AREA AFFECTED HOW AFFECTED Financial institutions More free-based consumer and business services Programming Industry Proliferation of new packaged programs Larger Universities Programmed education opportunities Insurance Industry Lower life/ health/ property claims cost

Sport Obermeyer

*Sport Obermeyer:* Case Analysis Pratyusha Lakshmi Puranam Executive Summary: Obermeyer offers a broad line of fashion ski apparel, including parkas, vests, ski suits, shells, ski pants, sweaters, turtlenecks, and accessories. Parkas are considered the most critical design component of a collection; the other garments were fashioned to match the parkas’ style and color. Their products were offered in five different genders: men’s, women’s, boys’, girls’, and preschoolers’. The company segments each â€Å"gender† market according to price, type of skier, and how â€Å"fashion-forward† the market was. Within each â€Å"gender†, numerous styles are offered, each in several colors and a range of sizes. In the current situation, Obermeyer is facing two major issues: inability to meet the demand of retailers during peak sales and a confusion of where to produce the garments – Hong Kong or China. The best way to mitigate the inability to meet the demand of retailers during peaks sales would be to forecast the demands with either past data or with the help of a forecasting committee. It would be idea for Obermeyer to forecast future demand with the help of a forecasting committee. To come over the confusion of which city to continue production in, Obermeyer should choose to continue short term production in Hong Kong but the Long Term production should be in China. Sport Obermeyer has the following main problems: Inability to meet the exact demand of the retailers of the latest fashion which is actually a result of poor forecasting of the jackets: Sport Obermeyer depends on the Las Vegas show to determine what fashions were going to dominate the season coming up and then produce the best fashions. This was a problem because the gap between the show and the production of final product and making it available to the retailer takes time and meanwhile anything can happen. Thus a rigid and accurate forecast must be made based on data as well as experience. They are in a dilemma of which location to continue their production in – Hong Kong or China: Raymond Tse had built the new factory in China where the cost was less but the quality had to be compromised. Moreover, the labor had to be trained and a higher minimum order was required. These issues were addressed by the Hong Kong facility where quality of product was good, the labor could multitask, a lower minimum order size was required and the time of production was low. But the overall cost was high. Recommendations: In order to overcome the forecasting issue, effective forecasting methods like forecasting with the committee should be adopted. The calculations can be based on the newsvendor problem and will help to forecast the optimum requirement of products. To overcome the dilemma of where to produce, the production initially continue in Honk Kong andshould be eventually moved to China. Later, Hong Kong should be used when the minimum order size does not suit that in China. Supporting Analysis: Sport Obermeyer has the issue of lack of stock during peak sales of certain types of parkas. This is very similar to the New Vendor problem. The newsvendor problem is a classic in management science partly because selecting an optimal inventory level in the face of uncertain demand is an important problem but also because the solution is so elegant and intuitive: the inventory should be selected so that the probability that the vendor stocks out should be set equal to the ratio of the item’s unit cost to its unit price. Precisely, the Newsvendor Framework is: One chance to decide on the stocking quantity for the product you’re selling Demand for the product is uncertain Known marginal profit for each unit sold and known marginal loss for the ones that are bought and not sold Goal: Maximize expected profit Numerically, P(x)Marginal Profit – (1 – P(x))Marginal Loss = 0 i. e. P(x) = Marginal Loss/(Marginal Profit + Marginal Loss) Obermeyer’s situation is more complicated than the Newsvendor problem because it is highly dependent on what color, style in the most popular at the moment. Moreover, the higher lead time and constraints of minimum number of orders defined by factories worsen the situation. Risk associated Production: Sport Obermeyer should produce the designs and styles that have the least standard deviation because they are least risky. For these products, the demand uncertainty is very less and thus there is a very low chance of incurring a huge loss. A loss, if any, will not be taxing for Obermeyer and will be in a very low level. Moreover, the trade show results from Las Vegas are not required to produce these parkas. Thus their production can be started immediately. On the other hand, Obermeyer would want to wait till the trade show is complete before starting the production of the parks with a high standard deviation because it has a higher risk. Any loss incurred sue to this segment will be huge and taxing. Demand forecast: The following table shows the demand forecast by the forecasting committee. According to basic principles of statistics, in a sample there is a 68% probability of success i. e available demand in the range (Mean + or – Standard Deviation) and 97% probability of available demand in the range (Mean + or – 2*Standard Deviation). The uncertainty in these two cases is the chance of being outside the range. For example there is a 32% uncertainty of availability that if the demand is below 823 or above 1211 in the Gail model. Similarly it follows for the rest of the data. With the Newsvendor problem, the Demand Forecast would be: Here, P(x) = Marginal Loss/ (Marginal Profit + Marginal Loss) Z has been taken from the frequency distribution tables. Produce = Average +Z*Standard Deviation First Production Quantities: tyles for which expected demand is more than twice the minimum order quantity styles for which expected demand is less than the minimum order quantity all other styles From the above data we have the least forecasted order as 639 which are higher than 600, which is the minimum order quantity for Hong Kong. If the demand is more than double of what has been forecasted there is no issue at all and any factory (Hong Kong or China) can be chosen. If the demand is less what we have forecasted it again depen ds on how much lesser than the minimum order size it is. As we have seen all the forecasted demands are greater than 600 and therefore there will not be much of an issue. A typical scenario is when the demand is in between the minimum order and the double the minimum order. For such a situation we will have to further analyze. We cannot blindly order the minimum both times not can we split the demand into half. In such a situation we have to choose a combination of both factories. *Effect of reducing minimum order quantities on profits*: If there is reduction in the minimum order quantities, then it would be profitable only in case of Hong Kong. There may not be a big difference in profitability if China lowers its minimum order quantity. The reason being, if the company selects China for its order, it is probable that the order is of bulk quantity. Hence, the minimum would not matter for bulk orders. As discussed earlier, it is a good idea to choose Hong Kong for quick and small orders. Hence, if Hong Kong lowers its minimum order quantity, then the number of orders with low quantities will increase for Hong Kong – because, Hong Kong produces the product in half the time as China. Hence, minimum order quantities are directly related to quick orders, which implies, if there is a reduction in minimum order quantity in Hong Kong, then it is profitable than the minimum order quantity reduction in China. Thus when we have to choose a location based on the aspect of reducing the minimum order quantities, we must go ahead with Hong Kong as it is more profitable than reducing minimum order size in China. *Increasing the capacity to react to observed demand*: The second order happens immediately after the Las Vegas show. Hence, to improve the capacity to react for the demand, more number of resources need to work for gathering and capturing the market ASAP during the trade show. This would marginally affect the order date, by increasing the time for Obersport to deliver to sport Obermeyer. But, at that moment, every moment is highly crucial. Once, Obersport is asked to deliver on a prior date, the retailers have the chance to start selling the products at an earlier date. From a profitability point of view, it may not affect a major percentage of profit. But, gaining every penny is the motto of a business. Hence, the capacity to observed demand if increased might result in improved profits. Thus Obermeyer should hire extra resources for this job. Improving Performance: Effectively and efficiently forecasting the demand will be the key factor in improving the performance of Obermeyer another important point would be to reduce the lead time. These two aspects will ensure that when retailers are in the peak sales period and request for replenishment of stock, Obermeyer is in a position to do the needful. Reducing lead time is the easiest to control and will help a lot in improving the performance. Moreover, Obermeyer can also restrict its suppliers (fabric etc) to one to two suppliers. Finally, Obermeyer should define the functionality of Obersport. Obersport should be restricted to can be in charge of sewing and cutting the clothes. Shipping and handling can be taken care by another smaller company so that it will be more efficient and timesaving. Sourcing in China versus Hong Kong Although the time taken for production in china is higher compared to Hong Kong, Sport Obermeyer should give the larger proportion of orders to china, to save labor costs. There are orders which need lesser quantity in lesser time. The urgent orders from retailers can be diverted to HK to save time and business. Hence, as decided previously by the company, over 50% of the orders can be given to China. Bibliography: http://www. hbs. edu/research/facpubs/workingpapers/papers2/0102/02-024. pdf http://www2. isye. gatech. edu/~sman/courses/2030/Newsvendor. pdf http://www. slideshare. net/glenferry/sport-obermeyer? src=related_normal&rel=708013 Sport Obermeyer *Sport Obermeyer:* Case Analysis Pratyusha Lakshmi Puranam Executive Summary: Obermeyer offers a broad line of fashion ski apparel, including parkas, vests, ski suits, shells, ski pants, sweaters, turtlenecks, and accessories. Parkas are considered the most critical design component of a collection; the other garments were fashioned to match the parkas’ style and color. Their products were offered in five different genders: men’s, women’s, boys’, girls’, and preschoolers’. The company segments each â€Å"gender† market according to price, type of skier, and how â€Å"fashion-forward† the market was. Within each â€Å"gender†, numerous styles are offered, each in several colors and a range of sizes. In the current situation, Obermeyer is facing two major issues: inability to meet the demand of retailers during peak sales and a confusion of where to produce the garments – Hong Kong or China. The best way to mitigate the inability to meet the demand of retailers during peaks sales would be to forecast the demands with either past data or with the help of a forecasting committee. It would be idea for Obermeyer to forecast future demand with the help of a forecasting committee. To come over the confusion of which city to continue production in, Obermeyer should choose to continue short term production in Hong Kong but the Long Term production should be in China. Sport Obermeyer has the following main problems: Inability to meet the exact demand of the retailers of the latest fashion which is actually a result of poor forecasting of the jackets: Sport Obermeyer depends on the Las Vegas show to determine what fashions were going to dominate the season coming up and then produce the best fashions. This was a problem because the gap between the show and the production of final product and making it available to the retailer takes time and meanwhile anything can happen. Thus a rigid and accurate forecast must be made based on data as well as experience. They are in a dilemma of which location to continue their production in – Hong Kong or China: Raymond Tse had built the new factory in China where the cost was less but the quality had to be compromised. Moreover, the labor had to be trained and a higher minimum order was required. These issues were addressed by the Hong Kong facility where quality of product was good, the labor could multitask, a lower minimum order size was required and the time of production was low. But the overall cost was high. Recommendations: In order to overcome the forecasting issue, effective forecasting methods like forecasting with the committee should be adopted. The calculations can be based on the newsvendor problem and will help to forecast the optimum requirement of products. To overcome the dilemma of where to produce, the production initially continue in Honk Kong andshould be eventually moved to China. Later, Hong Kong should be used when the minimum order size does not suit that in China. Supporting Analysis: Sport Obermeyer has the issue of lack of stock during peak sales of certain types of parkas. This is very similar to the New Vendor problem. The newsvendor problem is a classic in management science partly because selecting an optimal inventory level in the face of uncertain demand is an important problem but also because the solution is so elegant and intuitive: the inventory should be selected so that the probability that the vendor stocks out should be set equal to the ratio of the item’s unit cost to its unit price. Precisely, the Newsvendor Framework is: One chance to decide on the stocking quantity for the product you’re selling Demand for the product is uncertain Known marginal profit for each unit sold and known marginal loss for the ones that are bought and not sold Goal: Maximize expected profit Numerically, P(x)Marginal Profit – (1 – P(x))Marginal Loss = 0 i. e. P(x) = Marginal Loss/(Marginal Profit + Marginal Loss) Obermeyer’s situation is more complicated than the Newsvendor problem because it is highly dependent on what color, style in the most popular at the moment. Moreover, the higher lead time and constraints of minimum number of orders defined by factories worsen the situation. Risk associated Production: Sport Obermeyer should produce the designs and styles that have the least standard deviation because they are least risky. For these products, the demand uncertainty is very less and thus there is a very low chance of incurring a huge loss. A loss, if any, will not be taxing for Obermeyer and will be in a very low level. Moreover, the trade show results from Las Vegas are not required to produce these parkas. Thus their production can be started immediately. On the other hand, Obermeyer would want to wait till the trade show is complete before starting the production of the parks with a high standard deviation because it has a higher risk. Any loss incurred sue to this segment will be huge and taxing. Demand forecast: The following table shows the demand forecast by the forecasting committee. According to basic principles of statistics, in a sample there is a 68% probability of success i. e available demand in the range (Mean + or – Standard Deviation) and 97% probability of available demand in the range (Mean + or – 2*Standard Deviation). The uncertainty in these two cases is the chance of being outside the range. For example there is a 32% uncertainty of availability that if the demand is below 823 or above 1211 in the Gail model. Similarly it follows for the rest of the data. With the Newsvendor problem, the Demand Forecast would be: Here, P(x) = Marginal Loss/ (Marginal Profit + Marginal Loss) Z has been taken from the frequency distribution tables. Produce = Average +Z*Standard Deviation First Production Quantities: tyles for which expected demand is more than twice the minimum order quantity styles for which expected demand is less than the minimum order quantity all other styles From the above data we have the least forecasted order as 639 which are higher than 600, which is the minimum order quantity for Hong Kong. If the demand is more than double of what has been forecasted there is no issue at all and any factory (Hong Kong or China) can be chosen. If the demand is less what we have forecasted it again depen ds on how much lesser than the minimum order size it is. As we have seen all the forecasted demands are greater than 600 and therefore there will not be much of an issue. A typical scenario is when the demand is in between the minimum order and the double the minimum order. For such a situation we will have to further analyze. We cannot blindly order the minimum both times not can we split the demand into half. In such a situation we have to choose a combination of both factories. *Effect of reducing minimum order quantities on profits*: If there is reduction in the minimum order quantities, then it would be profitable only in case of Hong Kong. There may not be a big difference in profitability if China lowers its minimum order quantity. The reason being, if the company selects China for its order, it is probable that the order is of bulk quantity. Hence, the minimum would not matter for bulk orders. As discussed earlier, it is a good idea to choose Hong Kong for quick and small orders. Hence, if Hong Kong lowers its minimum order quantity, then the number of orders with low quantities will increase for Hong Kong – because, Hong Kong produces the product in half the time as China. Hence, minimum order quantities are directly related to quick orders, which implies, if there is a reduction in minimum order quantity in Hong Kong, then it is profitable than the minimum order quantity reduction in China. Thus when we have to choose a location based on the aspect of reducing the minimum order quantities, we must go ahead with Hong Kong as it is more profitable than reducing minimum order size in China. *Increasing the capacity to react to observed demand*: The second order happens immediately after the Las Vegas show. Hence, to improve the capacity to react for the demand, more number of resources need to work for gathering and capturing the market ASAP during the trade show. This would marginally affect the order date, by increasing the time for Obersport to deliver to sport Obermeyer. But, at that moment, every moment is highly crucial. Once, Obersport is asked to deliver on a prior date, the retailers have the chance to start selling the products at an earlier date. From a profitability point of view, it may not affect a major percentage of profit. But, gaining every penny is the motto of a business. Hence, the capacity to observed demand if increased might result in improved profits. Thus Obermeyer should hire extra resources for this job. Improving Performance: Effectively and efficiently forecasting the demand will be the key factor in improving the performance of Obermeyer another important point would be to reduce the lead time. These two aspects will ensure that when retailers are in the peak sales period and request for replenishment of stock, Obermeyer is in a position to do the needful. Reducing lead time is the easiest to control and will help a lot in improving the performance. Moreover, Obermeyer can also restrict its suppliers (fabric etc) to one to two suppliers. Finally, Obermeyer should define the functionality of Obersport. Obersport should be restricted to can be in charge of sewing and cutting the clothes. Shipping and handling can be taken care by another smaller company so that it will be more efficient and timesaving. Sourcing in China versus Hong Kong Although the time taken for production in china is higher compared to Hong Kong, Sport Obermeyer should give the larger proportion of orders to china, to save labor costs. There are orders which need lesser quantity in lesser time. The urgent orders from retailers can be diverted to HK to save time and business. Hence, as decided previously by the company, over 50% of the orders can be given to China. Bibliography: http://www. hbs. edu/research/facpubs/workingpapers/papers2/0102/02-024. pdf http://www2. isye. gatech. edu/~sman/courses/2030/Newsvendor. pdf http://www. slideshare. net/glenferry/sport-obermeyer? src=related_normal&rel=708013

A Divided Self The Many Facets of Faustus - 2074 Words

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Royal Dutch Shell in Nigeria Operating in a Fragile State free essay sample

Multinational companies have to â€Å"engage in business practices to avoid negative consequences to their stakeholders† (Cullen, Parboteeah, 2011, pg. 127). Multinational companies have to retain basic rights such as: pursuing fair profits and indicating duties provide equal wages for the employees. Prescriptive ethics is to direct multinational managers what they should and should not do. However, Chapter 1 in the text â€Å"Royal Dutch Shell in Nigeria: Operating in a Fragile State,† will provide information and recommendations pertaining many challenges that Royal Dutch Petroleum and Shell Transport and Trading. Subsequently, the analysis will discuss Shell’s operations in Nigeria more at risk and simultaneously more valuable. Furthermore, the analysis will provided an explanation of the implications of the economic system found in Nigeria and what political risks that Shell facing in this country. Explanation will be providing of how important the role of the government is influential of Shell’s Nigerian investments, operations, and future stake in the oil industry. History The Royal Dutch/Shell Group is one of the leading producers of oil, gas, and petrochemicals â€Å"Shell Oil Companies,† which have â€Å"distinguish itself through its commitments to the industry innovation. † The merging of both companies operates as the leading and gas produces in the deep-waters of Gulf of Mexico. Both companies contains four major operational segments includes â€Å"oil and gas, exploration, and production, downstream gas, oil products, and chemical product† (Hague, 2013). Shell Oil Operates as a secondary of the Royal Dutch Group whereas, it the second largest oil company in the world. In 1999, Shell Oil and its U. S. based on colleagues secured 22 percent of the Group’s revenue (James Press, 2001). Revelations of overestimated oil reserves in 2004 impelled a big push for greater transparency in the company’s organizational structure. However, this activity led to the 2005 merging of former publicly trading owners â€Å" Royal Dutch Petroleum and the Shell Transport and Trading Company into Royal Dutch Shell†(Hague,2013). Challenges and Merging of the Royal Dutch Petroleum Once the merging begins, Royal Dutch Petroleum and Shell Transport and Trading proceed; the company will be faced with several challenges. One of the challenges that the company was facing was prescriptive ethical situation developed. Because of the â€Å"Shell Petroleum Developmental Company received the unwelcome award made on the opening day of the â€Å"World Economic Forum (WEF), (Cullen Parboteeah, 2011 pg. 149). The company was named an irresponsible company. However, March 3, 2004 due to these circumstances and Royal Dutch Shell Company was having a difficult time in conducting business, â€Å"Sir Phillip Watts, chairman of the company; was pressed into resigning because of an internal organization proceed to do an investigation and it reveal that Royal Dutch Shell overstated its and natural gas reserves by 20 percent† (Cullen Parboteeah, 2011pg. 149). The only recommendation that could be made was taken care of. The chairman was persuade into resigning because of he could not create a strategy plan whereas; everyone could come to an agreement. However, another challenges that developed was the increasingly gas prices. The Dutch Shell Company was faced with the Nigerian unionized declared a four-day strike against the rise of gas price. The Nigerian union declares a warning strike against the government or the strike would go nationwide. Furthermore, in order to prevent a nationwide strike, the government had to create a plan that would decrease the gas prices at a cheaper cost. The government have to set up multiple meeting so this situation can possible be resolved. Shell’s Operations in Nigeria The Royal Dutch Shell’s operations in Nigeria more at risk because of issues that have been developing over the years. One participant risk that have been continuously an ongoing situations is; political and social strife which have been affecting the Royal Dutch Shell’s oil extraction efforts† (Nigeria, 2010). Another concerns and risks that develop pertains from the militant armed efforts of the movement for the deliverance of the â€Å"Niger Delta, which have been attack over the last several year; forcing Shell to declare force majeure and suspend production† (Nigeria, 2010). Implications of Nigeria’s economic system After examining the implications of the Nigeria’s economic system; Nigeria’s economic system is one of the eleventh largest oil-producer in the world. However, Nigeria’s economic system producers an extremely large percentage of Nigeria’s population are living in poverty. Nigeria’s economic system depends on the oil-sector revenues which represent approximate â€Å"80 percent of the Nigerian government and 95 percent of its export earnings† (Cullen Parboteeah, 2011pg, 152). Nigeria’s oil resources produce about 32 barrels. The multiple risky politics that the Shells could be facing in Nigeria’s is; dealing with different religions and ethnic rivalries, local bullies, and warlords. Local bullies and warlords focus on certain situations to rise, so they will take the opportunities and create their own goals. As a broadband of generalization power beings to develop tends to create potential lethal uncertainty, especially when the rule of laws and legal order was absent† (Cullen Parboteeah, pg. 54). Influential of the Shell’s Nigerian Government The role of the government has a significant impact on the influential of Shell’s Nigerian investments, operations, and the future stakes in the oil industry. The oil-produces† 85 percentage of the economic system revenue and it produces 95 percent of the Nigeria’s economic exports. †(Cullen Parboteeah, 2011, pg. 152). However, most of Nigeria’s oil and g as industries come from the Niger Deltas. Majority of the operational fundamentals are operated by Shell Petroleum Development Company and the other majority of the oil and gas industries are owned by Nigeria’s National Petroleum Corporation and production half of Nigeria’s crude oil. The Nigerian government has some serious influential methods in governing the Nigeria’s growth and creating new techniques for the country. Underlying assumptions, Observations, And Recommendation for Benjamin Aaron The consultant for Royal Dutch Shell, Benjamin Aaron is facing some difficult and major decision to appropriate ways to expand the operational fundamentals in Nigeria. The Nigerian environment has been a highly unstable considering the social, economic, religion, and political conditions are persist there. Furthermore, the Nigerian’s oil-resources were eye-catching to Shell to discard the Nigerian project. However, Shell’s need to figure out suitable strategies for operational in Nigeria since its political costs of continuing business in Nigeria was increasing compared to other regions of operations. In conclusion, the analysis addressed challenges that Royal Dutch Petroleum was facing because of the merging. Included in the analysis, it identified details of Shell’s operation in Nigeria risky. The analysis addressed and explained the implications of the economic system and political risk in Nigeria that Shell was facing. Finally, the analysis addressed the role of the government influenced Shell’s Nigerian resources and identified Benjamin Aaron’s decisions from his underlying, and observations of Nigeria’s government. ? Reference Abuja, N. (2010). Shell’s Nigerian Delta Operations at Risk. Retrieved on May 2, 2013, from http://www. energy-daily. com Cullen, J. Parboteeah, P. (2011). Multinational Management. 5th Edition. Retrieved on May 2, 2013, pgs. 127,149,152 and 154 Hague. (2013). Royal Dutch Petroleum Company the â€Å"Shell Transport and Trading Company† P. L. C. History. Retrieved on May 1, 2013, from: http://www. findinguniverse. com/history International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 41. St. James, 2001. Retrieved from://www. findinguniverse. com/company history of Shell Oil Company.